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+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage[
+backend=biber,
+style=ieee,
+sorting=ynt
+]{biblatex}
+
+
+\usepackage{geometry}
+ \geometry{
+ a4paper,
+ total={170mm,257mm},
+ left=20mm,
+ top=20mm,
+ }
+ 
+ \usepackage[acronym]{glossaries}
+
+\usepackage{optidef}
+\addbibresource{mybibliography.bib}
+
+
+\title{Literature Review }
+\author{Woon Jun Wei, 2200624}
+\date{}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\section{Star-based WSNs}\label{sec:star_based_wsns}
+
+Monitoring environmental conditions like air quality or wildfire risk is crucial, and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) offer a promising solution. But designing efficient and reliable WSNs presents challenges, particularly in balancing low-power consumption with robust data transmission – a key concern in the realm of Internet of Things (IoT) \cite{hemanand_enabling_2021}.
+
+Star-based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as a popular approach for environmental monitoring, exemplified by Lazarescu et al.'s wildfire detection system \cite{lazarescu_design_2013}. These networks resemble constellations, with individual sensor nodes dispersed like stars and transmitting data to a central gateway node, analogous to a central star. This architecture prioritizes reliable communication, particularly crucial in scenarios like wildfire detection, by utilizing dedicated radio channels within the unlicensed Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band \cite{shah_iot-enabled_2020}. The central gateway node acts as a hub, collecting and buffering data from all sensors before forwarding it to a remote server via the internet.
+
+Building on this concept, Shah et al. designed a similar system for environmental monitoring, but with sensors directly connected to a computer through a dedicated transceiver pair \cite{shah_iot-enabled_2020}. This simplifies data visualization and sharing, but lacks the centralized structure of the previous approach.
+
+While Star-based WSNs shine in terms of simplicity and ease of deployment, they face limitations. Scaling them up for wider coverage can be challenging \cite{Boukerche2018Connectivity}. Additionally, research by Shrestha et al. suggests that Mesh networks, with their interconnected nodes and redundant data paths, may offer superior reliability, especially when individual nodes fail \cite{shrestha_performance_2007}.
+
+Therefore, choosing the right WSN topology for environmental monitoring requires careful consideration. Simplicity and ease of deployment offered by Star networks might be ideal for smaller, controlled environments \cite{Alippi2011A}. However, for expansive or critical monitoring applications, the enhanced reliability of Mesh networks may be the brighter star to follow \cite{Han2011Reliable}.
+
+
+\newpage
+\printbibliography
+\end{document}
+
+

mybibliography.bib

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+@article{lazarescu_design_2013,
+	title = {Design of a {WSN} Platform for Long-Term Environmental Monitoring for {IoT} Applications},
+	volume = {3},
+	issn = {2156-3357, 2156-3365},
+	url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6472115/},
+	doi = {10.1109/JETCAS.2013.2243032},
+	abstract = {The Internet of Things ({IoT}) provides a virtual view, via the Internet Protocol, to a huge variety of real life objects, ranging from a car, to a teacup, to a building, to trees in a forest. Its appeal is the ubiquitous generalized access to the status and location of any “thing” we may be interested in.},
+	pages = {45--54},
+	number = {1},
+	journaltitle = {{IEEE} Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems},
+	shortjournal = {{IEEE} J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Circuits Syst.},
+	author = {Lazarescu, Mihai T.},
+	urldate = {2024-02-06},
+	date = {2013-03},
+	langid = {english},
+}
+
+@article{shah_iot-enabled_2020,
+	title = {{IoT}-enabled Low Power Environment Monitoring System for prediction of {PM}2.5},
+	volume = {67},
+	issn = {1574-1192},
+	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574119220300560},
+	doi = {10.1016/j.pmcj.2020.101175},
+	abstract = {Air pollution is a major concern worldwide due to its significant impacts on the global environment and human health. The conventional instruments used by the air quality monitoring stations are costly, bulkier, time-consuming, and power-hungry. Furthermore, due to limited data availability and non-scalability, these stations cannot provide high spatial and temporal resolution in real-time. Although energy-efficient, wireless sensor network with the high spatio-temporal resolution is one of the potential solutions, real-time remote monitoring of all significant air quality parameters with low power consumption is challenging. To address this challenge, we propose internet of things-enabled low power environment monitoring system for real-time monitoring of ten significant air quality parameters. Moreover, the proposed system enables remote monitoring and storage of data for future analysis. Unlike earlier research work, further expansion of the proposed system is easily possible, as the proposed Wireless Sensor Node ({WSN}) can interface a higher number of sensors with the same number of interfacing pins. We did an in-depth analysis through calibration, experiments, and deployment which confirms the power efficiency, flexibility, reliability and accuracy of the proposed system. Results illustrate the low power consumption of 25.67mW, data transmission reliability of 97.4\%, and battery life of approximately 31 months for a sampling time of 60 min. The study of the correlation between Particulate Matter 2.5 ({PM}2.5) and other pollutants is performed using Central Pollution Control Board data of 41 months. The initial study related to correlation is performed for the future work of developing a prediction model of {PM}2.5 using highly correlated pollutants. The future approach for developing a prediction model in the form of analytical equations with the help of artificial neural network is demonstrated. This approach can be implemented using the proposed {WSN} or low-cost processing tool for evaluating {PM}2.5 from precursor gases. Therefore, this approach can be one of the promising approaches in the future for monitoring {PM}2.5 without power-hungry gas sensors and bulkier analyzers.},
+	pages = {101175},
+	journaltitle = {Pervasive and Mobile Computing},
+	shortjournal = {Pervasive and Mobile Computing},
+	author = {Shah, Jalpa and Mishra, Biswajit},
+	urldate = {2024-02-06},
+	date = {2020-09-01},
+	keywords = {Artificial Neural Network, Environment monitoring, Internet of Things, {PM}2.5, Wireless Sensor Network},
+}
+
+  
+@article{boan_radio_2007,
+	title = {Radio Experiments With Fire},
+	volume = {6},
+	issn = {1548-5757},
+	url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4298084},
+	doi = {10.1109/LAWP.2007.902809},
+	abstract = {Radio communication has become an important tool to aid in combatting wildfire. In this letter, we consider the effect of fire upon radio propagation. Results are presented of broadband radio propagation measurements involving three small-scale fire experiments. Measurements reveal that particular frequency bands are affected by fire, being attenuated when fire is present. Ionization, present in the flames, is identified as the major cause of attenuation on radio propagation.},
+	pages = {411--414},
+	journaltitle = {{IEEE} Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters},
+	author = {Boan, Jonathan},
+	urldate = {2024-02-06},
+	date = {2007},
+	note = {Conference Name: {IEEE} Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters},
+	keywords = {Attenuation, Australia, Bushfire, Combustion, Degradation, Electrons, fire, Fires, forest, Ionization, Radar scattering, Radio communication, radio propagation, Radio propagation, wildfire},
+}
+
+@article{hemanand_enabling_2021,
+	title = {Enabling Sustainable Energy for Smart Environment Using 5G Wireless Communication and Internet of Things},
+	volume = {28},
+	issn = {1558-0687},
+	url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9690149},
+	doi = {10.1109/MWC.013.2100158},
+	abstract = {Energy production, management, distribution, and effective consumption have become an uphill challenge, especially digital disruption and tech-nological advancements. Most of the technology enablers and devices demand continuous energy supply for uninterrupted operation. Effective ener-gy management is essential to ensure that optimal energy is distributed across the intended devices and not wasted. Hence, the need for sustainable energy in power distribution and management is magnified. This work focuses on developing a robust sustainable energy distribution approach to distribute generated energy across needy devic-es effectively. This approach leverages technol-ogy enablers' services like the Internet of Things ({IoT}) to sense the energy demand of individual devices and 5G wireless communication for faster communication of {IoT} sensors with devices and to ensure sustained energy availability for them. The existing Glow worm Swarm Optimization approach is applied across {IoT} sensors to detect the devices in need of energy and distribute optimal energy on a need basis to accomplish smart, sustainable energy management. The approach's performance is determined in terms of optimal energy distribution based on energy demand and supply and is reported.},
+	pages = {56--61},
+	number = {6},
+	journaltitle = {{IEEE} Wireless Communications},
+	author = {Hemanand, D and Jayalakshmi, D. S. and Ghosh, Uttam and Balasundaram, A. and Vijayakumar, Pandi and Sharma, Pradip Kumar},
+	urldate = {2024-01-31},
+	date = {2021-12},
+	note = {Conference Name: {IEEE} Wireless Communications},
+	keywords = {5G mobile communication, Internet of Things, Particle swarm optimization, Performance evaluation, Power distribution, Production management, Smart devices, Sustainable development, Wireless communication},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{shrestha_performance_2007,
+	title = {A Performance Comparison of Different Topologies for Wireless Sensor Networks},
+	url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4227822},
+	doi = {10.1109/THS.2007.370059},
+	abstract = {Presently, star, mesh, tree, and clustered hierarchical architecture have emerged as the choice topologies for wireless sensor networks ({WSN}). Each topology has its own pros and cons under the specific working environment constraints. Consequently, current research depicts customized domain-specific ad hoc network topologies for efficient utilization of the constrained sensor resources. In this paper, we compare the various {WSN} topologies using performance criteria such as reliability, energy-efficiency, network life, scalability, self-organizing capability, data latency, etc. We focus on the reliability comparison of different topologies through a quantitative study. And we present a qualitative discussion on other performance criteria. Our study will provide useful insights for the {WSN} designers in choosing the appropriate topology and associated design parameters. We illustrate our observations via case studies.},
+	eventtitle = {2007 {IEEE} Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security},
+	pages = {280--285},
+	booktitle = {2007 {IEEE} Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security},
+	author = {Shrestha, Akhilesh and Xing, Liudong},
+	urldate = {2024-01-31},
+	date = {2007-05},
+	keywords = {Base stations, Circuit topology, Delay, Energy efficiency, Measurement, Network topology, Routing protocols, Scalability, Telecommunication network reliability, Wireless sensor networks},
+}
+
+@article{Alippi2011A,
+title={A Robust, Adaptive, Solar-Powered WSN Framework for Aquatic Environmental Monitoring},
+author={C. Alippi and R. Camplani and C. Galperti and M. Roveri},
+journal={IEEE Sensors Journal},
+year={2011},
+volume={11},
+pages={45-55},
+doi={10.1109/JSEN.2010.2051539}
+}
+
+@article{Han2011Reliable,
+title={Reliable and Real-Time Communication in Industrial Wireless Mesh Networks},
+author={Song Han and Xiuming Zhu and A. Mok and Deji Chen and M. Nixon},
+journal={2011 17th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium},
+year={2011},
+pages={3-12},
+doi={10.1109/RTAS.2011.9}
+}
+
+@article{Boukerche2018Connectivity,
+title={Connectivity and coverage based protocols for wireless sensor networks},
+author={A. Boukerche and Peng Sun},
+journal={Ad Hoc Networks},
+year={2018},
+volume={80},
+pages={54-69},
+doi={10.1016/j.adhoc.2018.07.003}
+}